Le Japon est accusé de maintenir le yen à un niveau artificiellement bas.
L'avis de Donald Boudreaux, du blog Café Hayek:

To keep the yen undervalued, Japan's government must accumulate massive foreign-exchange holdings. Acquiring these dollars and other currencies requires the Japanese government to tax its citizens either directly or surreptitiously through inflation. (...)
And while some Japanese exporters might benefit from an undervalued yen, so, too, do American consumers. We get automobiles and other Japanese-made products in exchange for oodles of tiny monochrome pictures of dead American statesmen. Now that's a subsidy!